All models

Single Family Rental

Buy a home, rent it out, build long-term wealth.

Overview

Single Family Rental (SFR) investing is buy-and-hold: purchase a single-family home, lease it to a tenant, and let monthly cash flow plus appreciation, principal paydown, and tax benefits compound for years. SFRs are the most accessible rental strategy — financing is easier (residential loans), tenant management is simpler than multifamily, and the resale market is broad since you can always sell to either an investor or an owner-occupant.

How it works
  1. 1
    Acquisition

    Buy a home in a stable rental market. Optional renovation if the property needs work to be rent-ready. Conventional 25% down on an investment property, or owner-occupied financing if you'll live there first.

  2. 2
    Lease-up

    Find a qualified tenant (credit check, income verification, prior landlord references). A vacancy month is one of your biggest risks early on.

  3. 3
    Operations

    Collect rent, pay the mortgage, handle maintenance and capex, build reserves. Year over year, rents typically grow with inflation while your fixed-rate mortgage payment stays the same — a hidden tailwind.

  4. 4
    Exit (or refi)

    Sell when the math says so, or refinance to pull equity for the next deal. Many investors hold SFRs indefinitely and let principal paydown + appreciation do the work.

Key metrics
Cash Flow

Monthly rent − all expenses − mortgage. Year-1 cash flow is your starting point; with rent growth, it climbs over the hold period.

Cash-on-Cash

Annual cash flow ÷ total cash invested. Tells you what your money is earning right now, before appreciation. 8%+ is healthy.

Cap Rate

NOI ÷ purchase price. Strips out financing — useful for comparing properties regardless of how you funded them. 7%+ is solid for residential.

DSCR

NOI ÷ annual debt service. Lender-preferred ≥1.25x. If DSCR is below 1.0x the property doesn't cover its own mortgage — you're feeding it monthly.

1% Rule

Monthly rent ÷ purchase price. ≥1% is a quick screen for cash flow potential. Hard to hit in expensive coastal markets but common in the Midwest and South.

When to use
  • You want passive(ish) income and long-term wealth-building rather than short-term gains.
  • Your market has steady rental demand, growing population, and room for rent appreciation.
  • You're financing with a 30-year fixed — locks in your largest expense for three decades.
  • You have or can hire a property manager (or you live close enough to self-manage).
  • You have 6+ months of reserves for vacancy, capex, and surprise repairs.
Watch out for
  • Vacancy. One bad turn can wipe out a year of cash flow.
  • Capex surprises. Roofs, HVAC, water heaters all eventually need replacement. Budget reserves on top of monthly maintenance.
  • Bad tenants. Screen rigorously — eviction is expensive and slow.
  • Property management fees (8-12% of gross rent) — factor these in even if you'll self-manage initially.
  • Market rent compression — if comparable rents fall, you can't always raise rent at lease renewal.
Realyze — Real Estate Investment Analysis